Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to individuals of the same gender (homosexual), opposite gender (heterosexual), or both genders (bisexual). Research in this area explores the development, expression, and diversity of sexual orientations, as well as the societal, cultural, and biological factors that influence them. Studies in this field also examine the impact of sexual orientation on mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. Additionally, research on sexual orientation often seeks to address societal attitudes and policies that affect the rights and discrimination faced by individuals based on their sexual orientation.